geopractice

Pengkaji Dona Sue Straley dalam tesis beliau telah menumpu kepada lima peristiwa yang mewakili lima period sejarah seperti berikut:

1 the battle of Dhu Qar for the pre-Islamic period;

2 the battle of Badr during the Prophet's lifetime;

3 the confrontation of 'Ali and Mu'Awiya at Siffin from the period of the Rashiddun;

4 the caliphate of 'Umar bin 'Abd al-'Aziz for the Umayyad dinasty;

5 the siege of Baghdad by al-Ma'mun's generals for the early 'Abbasid period.

While these sections may seem somewhat arbitrarily chosen, they are all incidents which represent crucial moments for the Islamic (or Arab, as in the case of Dhu Qar) community and the results of which were to determine the future development of that umma.

Kajian Dona merangkumi perbandingan dengan penulisan oleh Hodgson.

Suasana ibadah saei

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